Abstract: Immunotherapy for EBV- Related NeoplasmsYongming DAI, Runliang GANCorrespondence to: Runliang GAN, E-mail: gan998@yahoo.comCancer Research Institute, Nanhua University, Hengyang 421300, ChinaAbstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely related to several human malignancies, including post-transplant lymphoprolifera-tive disease (PTLD), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is also associated with a subsetof patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and Hodgkin's disease (HD). Owing to obvious side effects from radiation therapyand chemotherapy and minimal therapeutic efficacy for refractory or recurrent tumors, tumor immunotherapy becomes especially impor-tant. The nature of EBV infection in the malignant cell determines the pattern of antigen expression and the associated presence of tar-gets for cellular immunotherapy. Immunotherapeutic strategies include elimination of the infected-B cells using anti-B cell monoclonalantibodies and restoration of normal cellular immunity that would be achieved by adoptive transplant cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)therapy, tumor vaccines and gene therapy. Although initial success with adoptive transplant CTLs for PTLD has led to current studiesexamining its feasibility and efficacy in NPC and HD, T cell therapies are limited by inadequate persistence of transferred T cells andby tumor evasion of the immune response. Additionally, T-cell therapies based on cell culture in vitro fail to be widely used in develop-ing countries. Therefore further development of the tumor vaccines and gene therapy is needed. Development of strategies to genetical-ly improve the function of infused T cells and modulate the host environment is still needed. EBV-related tumor vaccines and gene ther-apy require an even more cautious approach in their development. This paper reviews the mechanisms and current usage of immunother-apy for EBV-related neoplasms in China and overseas.Key words Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); EBV-related neoplasms; Immunotherapy